Chapter 10 - The Expanding Nation

Jefferson as President

The Republican Victory

• Thomas Jefferson - Republican elected President in 1800
• First time one political party replaced another in the US

Jefferson in Office

• Sought to cut military spending, domestic taxes

Marbury vs. Madison

• President John Adams appoints several Federalists to judge positions on last few days in office so that Jefferson cannot fill the openings with Republicans
• Jefferson ordered Madison to not deliver some of the letters
• William Marbury sues Madison for not delivering his letter
• Marbury vs. Madison - Chief Justice of the Supreme Court John Marshall decides that Court cannot force Madison to deliver the papers and that the Judiciary act of 1789 saying they did was unconstitutional
• Judicial Review - power of Supreme Court to declare a law unconstitutional

Section Two - The Louisiana Purchase

French Louisiana

• Napoleon Bonaparte - eader of France who needs money to fight wars in Eyurope

The Louisiana Purchase (1803)

• US wants to buy New Orleans from France to control the Mississippi River
• Napoleon offers all of Louisiana Territory for $15 million
• Almost doubles the size of the US for very little money

Mission of Discovery

• Lewis and Clark Expedition - Jefferson tells them to map out land to the Pacific, make friends with Native Americans, and take good notes on discoveries of plants, animals, and anything else

Lewis and Clark Expedition (1804 - 1806)

• St. Louis to present day Washington state and back using the Missouri River
• Used Sacagawea, a young Shoshone Indian, as a translator and guide
• Make many important scientific discoveries along the way

Section Three - The Coming of War

Danger on the High Seas

• Impressment - forcing people to serve in the navy; the British impressed US sailors illegally during there war with France
• US declares neutrality in this war and tries(unsuccessfully) to trade with both Britain and France
• Embargo Act (1807) - Jefferson's plan to stop all foreign trade to punish Britain and France from capturing American cargo
• Shipping companies and industries cannot sell goods and services, so they resort to smuggling
• New Englanders call the Embargo Act the "Ograbme" becasue they are being held back by the govt.
• Non-Intercourse Act (1809) - bans trade with just Britain and France; designed to fix the Embargo Act

The Rise of Tecumseh

• Tecumseh - leader of Native American forces in the West who warns that American expansion onto their lands must be stopped

War on the Frontier

• William Henry Harrison - leader of US forces in Indiana Territory
• Battle of Tippecanoe - Harrison attacks Tecumseh's forces while Tecumseh is away; Harrison claims victory

The War Debate

• War Hawks - members of Congress who favor war against Britian because of impressment

A Declaration of War

• Congress declares war in Britain in 1812

Section Four - The War of 1812

The War at Sea

• US navy is very small
• Britain forms a blockade around US, stopping foreign trade

The British on the Offensive

• The British burn down Washington, D.C.

The Battle of New Orleans

• Andrew Jackson - leader of the US troops
• Battle of New Orleans - 5300 British troops vs. 4500 US troops, but Brits have over 2000 casualties to 70 US
• Jackson becomes a war hero
• Battle was fought after Treaty of Ghent ending the war had been signed, but word had not yet crossed the Atlantic

Ending the War

• Staus Quo Antebellum - everything goes back to the way it was before the war
• Impressment ends not because of the War of 1812, but because France and Britain are no longer fighting